The People’s Republic of China is the world’s second largest economy by nominal GDP, and the world’s largest economy by purchasing power parity. China is a global hub for manufacturing, also is the largest economy, in an advanced pace, during the last 300 years. After the Chinese civil war ended in 1949, Chinese Communist party started a path to the cultural revolution. Independent industrial system and own agricultural development works changed Chinese living style. Deng Xiaoping took power and instituted significant economic reforms. This marked China’s transition from a planned economy to a mixed economy.
There are two international indices that can be used to measure the economic development of China. One is the increase of gross national product. And the other is the national consumption. During 2001 to 2010, the gross national product increased annually by 9.9%. The increase during this 10 years was 158% according to World Bank reports. This is important as when the world economy was experiencing a recession while the Chinese economy boomed continuously.
President Jinping leadership of economic and social
President Xi Jinping was elected President of People’s republic of China from 2013. His thoughts on Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the achievements of China is remarkable with history. In his capacity as president, on March 16, 2013 he expressed support for non-interference in China-Sri Lanka relations amid a United Nations Security Council vote to condemn that country over government abuses during the Sri Lankan Civil War. It’s unforgettable for my country. Within hours of his election, Xi discussed cyber security and North Korea with then U.S. President Barack Obama over the phone. Obama announced the visits of Treasury and State Secretaries Jacob Lew and John F. Kerry to China the following week. It delivered a far-reaching foreign policy agenda that changes in both economic and social culture.
With this leadership of the Third Plenum of the 18th Central Committee, the Communist Party delivered a far-reaching reform agenda about changes in both economic and social policy.
I followed his maiden speech, as Head of State, Xi Jinping invoked his favourite concept of the “China dream” and laid out a vision of a stronger nation with a higher standard of living. The new government’s top priority would be to maintain stable growth and that his administration was up to the task, a message likely to be applauded by investors and the market. Painting his vision of a great nation, President Xi stressed that the “China dream” could only be realized by seeking “China’s own path,” cultivating patriotism and following the Communist Party’s leadership. The first official mention of the term was at the 19th National Congress of the communist party of China and it has gradually been developed since 2012 after Xi became General Secretary of the Communist Party of China.
Ideology of the communist party of China
The 19th Congress affirmed the ideology as a guiding political and military ideology of the communist party of China. The affirmation received unanimous support as every delegate voted to approve by raising hands when Xi asked their opinions on the Congress. The incorporation made Xi the third Chinese leader after Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping whose names appeared in the list of fundamental doctrines of the CPC, which raised Xi above his two most recent predecessors, former General Secretary Hu Jintaao and Jiang Zemin. In his report, Xi promised to make China strong, propelling the country into a “new era”.
President Xi first made mention of the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in the opening day speech delivered to the 19th Party Congress in October 2017. In their own reviews of Xi’s keynote address at the Congress, his Politburo standing Committee colleagues prepended the name “Xi Jinping” in front of “Thought”.
Xi himself has described the thought as part of the broad framework created around socialism with Chinese characteristics, a term coined by Deng Xiaoping, which places China in the “primary stage of socialism”. In official party documentation and pronouncements by Xi’s colleagues, the thought is said to be a continuation of Marxism-Leninism. Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping theory, “the important thought of the three represents” and the scientific development perspective as part of a series of guiding ideologies that embody “Marxism adapted to Chinese conditions” and contemporary considerations.
At its closing session on October 24, the 19th Party Congress approved the incorporation of Xi Jinping Thought into the Constitution of the Communist party of China.Dozens of Chinese universities have established research institutes for Xi Jinping Thought after the Congress dedicated to advocating the incorporation. Academics such as Jiang shigon have written expositions of Xi Jinping Thought.
The thought represents the latest achievement in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and encapsulates the practical experience and collective wisdom of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the people.The CPC announced the formation of the thought for the first time at its 19th National Congress in October 2017 and wrote the thought into the Party’s Constitution as a new guide to action upon conclusion of the congress.The thought makes eight fundamental issues clear at the theoretical level, and presents the 14-point fundamental principles to guide the endeavours:
Fundamental principles
* It makes clear that the overarching goal of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics is to realize socialist modernization and national rejuvenation. On the basis of finishing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, a two-step approach should be taken to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the century.
* It makes clear that the principal contradiction facing Chinese society in the new era is that between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life. It stresses the people-centred philosophy of development, and well-rounded human development and common prosperity for everyone.
* It makes clear that the overall plan for building socialism with Chinese characteristics is the five-sphere integrated plan, and the overall strategy is the four-pronged comprehensive strategy. It highlights the importance of fostering stronger confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
* It makes clear that the overall goal of deepening reform in every field is to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernize China’s system and capacity for governance.
* It makes clear that the overall goal of comprehensively advancing law-based governance is to establish a system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics and build a country of socialist rule of law.
* It makes clear that the Party’s goal of building a strong military in the new era is to build the people’s forces into world-class forces that obey the Party’s command, can fight and win, and maintain excellent conduct.
* It makes clear that major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics aims to foster a new type of international relations and build a community with a shared future for mankind.
* It makes clear that the CPC leadership is the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest strength of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics; the Party is the highest force for political leadership. The thought sets forth the general requirements for Party building in the new era and underlines the importance of political work in Party building.
The 14-point fundamental principles are as follows:
* Ensuring Party leadership over all work;
* Committing to a people-centred approach;
* Continuing to comprehensively deepen reform;
* Adopting a new vision for development;
* Seeing that the people run the country;
* Ensuring every dimension of governance is law-based;
* Upholding core socialist values;
* Ensuring and improving living standards through development;
* Ensuring harmony between humans and nature;
* Pursuing a holistic approach to national security;
* Upholding absolute Party leadership over the people’s forces;
* Upholding the principle of “one country, two systems” and promoting national reunification;
* Promoting the building of a community with a shared future for humanity;
* Exercising full and rigorous governance over the Party.
Belt and Road Initiative
The Belt and Road Initiative, proposed by Leadership of the Xi, connects continents and oceans through trade and investment like never before. A total of 136 countries and 30 international organisations have signed cooperation agreements with China on the initiative. Sri Lanka is the first country in the Asia given the full flagship. Former President, current Opposition Leader Mahinda Rajapaksa announced Sri Lanka’s support for the BRI during his visit to Shanghai in May 2014 and the historic visit of President Xi to Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka continued its support for the Belt and Road initiative even after the change of government in 2015, and this policy continues to date, as demonstrated by the participation in the BRI Summit by Prime Minister Wickremesinghe and President Maithripala Sirisena in his visit to Beijing.
Both SLFP and UNP main political parties had good reasons to support the opportunity for infrastructure development presented by the Silk Road initiative. Pathfinder Foundation as a Think Tank organised workshop and awareness campaign about benefits.BRI is a project that would connect and impact 65 countries, representing more than 60 per cent of the world population and one third of the global GDP.
According to World Bank, findings indicate that the Belt and Road Initiative would be largely beneficial. First, global income increases by 0.7 percent.This translates into almost half a trillion dollars in 2014 prices and market exchange rates. The Belt and Road Initiative area captures 82 percent of the gain, with the largest percent gains in East Asia.
Second, globally, the Belt and Road Initiative could contribute to lifting 7.6 million people from extreme poverty and 32 million from moderate poverty.(In order to further strengthen exchanges and cooperation between the Communist Party of China and South Asian countries, the International Department of the Central Committee of the CPC organised a conference in Guangzhou to expand knowledge about China’s socio-economic development and targeted poverty alleviation measures, as well as Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the achievements of the People’s Republic of China in the past 70 years.